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- SUIT DIVISION PROBABILITY ALGORITHM
-
-
- The probability of suits splitting 3-3, 4-2, 6-0, etc. are well
- known. Many books on bridge include a table of such probabilities,
- which are helpful in deciding how to play many hands. Faced with
- the choice between a finesse and reliance on a 3-3 split, we know
- from the probability table that a 3-3 split has only a 35.5%
- chance, so we finesse instead--a 50% shot.
-
- There is one thing about these probability tables: They assume you
- know nothing significant about the suit distribution in the
- opposing hands. Since you usually do have some information about
- their hands, maybe only the actual (or probable) distribution of
- one or two suits, the probability tables are seldom applicable.
- After all, you generally postpone such decisions as finesses or
- suit splits as long as possible. By doing so, it is likely that you
- learn something about the opposing hands before the critical action
- must be taken.
-
- There are other tables not so widely available that provide the
- probability of every possible suit split for every given condition
- of knowledge concerning the opposing hands. You can find, for
- instance, the probability of a 3-3 split in a suit when you know
- that another suit is split 6-1 (answer: .28). Few persons possess
- such tables, although they are useful for anyone who engages in
- postmortem hand analyses.
-
- Lacking those tables, you can work out your own probabilities using
- the following algorithm:
-
- 1) Make a 3 x 2 matrix, with one horizontal line extended, as
- shown:
- LHO RHO
- ┌───────┬───────┐
- Known │ │ │
- ───────┼───────┼───────┼────────
- Suit Split│ │ │
- ├───────┼───────┤
- Remainder│ │ │
- └───────┴───────┘
-
- LHO and RHO columns are for the left hand opponent's and right hand
- opponent's cards, respectively. Enter the number of known sig-
- nificant (explained below) cards on the "Known" row. On the "Suit
- Split" row enter the suit division for which the probability is to
- be calculated. On the "Remainder" row enter the remaining cards
- that will make the columns total 13.
-
- Example: You know that LHO has five diamonds, RHO two diamonds, and
- that's all you know. You want to know the probability of a 2-4
- (LHO-RHO) split in another suit. Adding a 6 and 7 to make each hand
- total 13, here is the resultant matrix:
-
-
- LHO RHO
- ┌───────┬───────┐
- Known │ 5 │ 2 │
- ───────┼───────┼───────┼────────
- Suit Split│ 2 │ 4 │
- ├───────┼───────┤
- Remainder│ 6 │ 7 │
- └───────┴───────┘
-
- (2) Working with the 2 x 2 matrix below the long line:
-
- -- Sum the columns and the rows, any order, getting four results:
- 8, 11, 6, 13
-
- -- Sum the entire 2 x 2 matrix. Here the total is 19.
-
- -- Make a fraction:
-
- Numerator is the product of factorials of the four column/row
- sums: 8! x 11! x 6! x 13!
-
- Denominator is the product of the factorials of the four numbers
- and the factorial of their total: 2! x 4! x 6! x 7! x 19!
-
- For the example, the resultant fraction is:
-
- 8! x 11! x 6! x 13!
- ─────────────────────── = .34
- 2! x 4! x 6! x 7! x 19!
-
- The 2-4 split therefore has a 34% probability.
-
- The calculations are easily done on a pocket calculator that has
- factorial capability. Many computers include "calculator" software
- in their repertoire.
-
- For those who may have forgotten, 0! = 1. For those who have really
- forgotten, 4! means 4 x 3 x 2 x 1.
-
- Remember that the known cards must be "significant" cards, which
- the ACBL's Encyclopedia calls "positive" cards (as opposed to
- "neutral" cards). A significant card is a card that (1) was bound
- to have been played, or (2) indicates the position of one or more
- other significant cards, or (3) indicates the distribution of all
- the outstanding cards of a suit. See the encyclopedia's entry
- "CARDS, NEUTRAL AND POSITIVE" for a detailed explanation. You
- don't have a copy? You should!